ENROLLED STUDENTS ONLY
HISTORY EXAM
INSTRUCTIONS
EXAMS
NOTE:
Selected statements shall be answered True or False. Please note that the statements making up those examinations may or may not be related to any summary that you have submitted for this subject.
Students sending answers for this history examination through Email please uses the following format: H.01(T) or H.01(F).
HISTORY EXAM
STUDENTS SELECT 20 QUESTIONS FROM THE LIST
It is required that from the 20 questions selected from each exam, the student must correctly answer a minimum of 15 to approve the subject. If less than 15 correctly answered, the student must select the same number of questions failed from the list to complete 15. Example: you correctly answered 12, therefore you need 3 more correct answers to approve the subject. You may continue your selection as many times needed until approval.
H.01. Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history to the Early Middle Ages.
H.02. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the period around the 30th century BC.
H.03. In India, ancient history includes the early period of the Middle Kingdoms, and, in China, the time up to the Qui Dynasty.
H.04. Historians has two major avenues which they take to better understand the ancient world: archaeology and the study of source texts.
H.05. Primary sources are those sources closest to the origin of the information or idea under study. Primary sources have been distinguished from secondary sources, which often cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources.
H.06. Archaeology is the excavation and study of artifacts in an effort to interpret and reconstruct past human behavior. Archaeologists excavate the ruins of ancient cities looking for clues as to how the people of the time period lived.
H.07. Most of what is known of the ancient world comes from the accounts of antiquity’s own historians.
H.08. A fundamental difficulty of studying ancient history is that recorded histories cannot document the entirety of human events, and only a fraction of those documents have survived into the present day.
H.09.The earliest known systematic historical thought emerged in ancient Greece.
H.10.The Roman Empire was one of the ancient world’s most literate cultures, but many works by its most widely read historians are lost.
H.11. Homo sapiens (modern humans) emerged in Africa. 60-70 thousand years ago, Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa along a coastal route to South and Southeast Asia and reached Australia.
H.12.The term “prehistory” can refer to the vast span of time since the beginning of the Universe, but more often it refers to the period since life appeared on Earth.
H.13. Prehistorians typically use the three-age system, The three-age system refers to placing the human prehistory into three consecutive time periods, named for their respective predominant tool-making technologies: the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.
H.14. A civilization is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification, symbolic communication forms (typically, writing systems), and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment. Civilization also refers to the process of a society developing into a centralized, urbanized, stratified structure.
H.15. Ancient civilizations were organized in densely populated settlements divided into hierarchical social classes with a ruling elite and subordinate urban and rural populations, which, by the engagement in intensive agriculture, mining, small-scale manufacture and trade. Civilization concentrates power, extending human control over the rest of nature, including over other human beings.
H.16.Towards the end of the Neolithic period, various civilizations began to rise in various “cradles” from around 3300 BCE.
H.17. A major technological and cultural transition to modernity began approximately 1500 CE in Western Europe, and from these beginning new approaches to science and law spread rapidly around the world.
H.18. Western civilization traces its roots back to European and Mediterranean linked to the former Western Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom who emerged from feudalism to experience such transformative historical episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution and the development of liberal democracy.
H.19. The civilizations of Classical Greece and Rome as well as Ancient Israel and early Christendom are considered seminal periods in Western history; cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of Pre-Christian Europe.
H.20. Following the 5th century Fall of Rome, Europe entered the Middle Ages, during which period the Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left in the West by the fallen Roman Empire, while the Byzantine Empire endured for centuries, becoming a Hellenic Eastern contrast to the Latin West.
H.21. Most Western nations were heavily involved in the First and Second World Wars and protracted Cold War. World War II saw Fascism defeated in Europe, and the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival global powers and a new “East-West” political contrast.
H.22. The Cold War ended around 1990 with the collapse of Soviet imposed Communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In the 21st century, the Western World retains significant global economic power and influence.
H.23. The West invented cinema, television, the personal computer and the Internet; produced artists such as Shakespeare, Michelangelo, Mozart and The Beatles; developed sports such as soccer, cricket, golf, tennis and basketball; and transported humans to an astronomical object for the first time with the 1969 Apollo 11 Lunar Landing.
H.24. Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent, nicknamed “The Cradle of Civilization” due to the birth of various kingdoms within its borders, is a crescent-shaped region containing the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi-arid Western Asia, and the Nile Valley and Delta of north east Africa.
H.25. Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that began growing on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BCE.
H.26.The Roman Empire was the post-Roman Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean.
H.27. Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor.
H.28.The Crusades were a series of religious expeditionary wars blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church, with the stated goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem.
H.29. Magna Carta, also called Magna Carta Libertatum, is an English charter, originally issued in the year 1215 and reissued later in the 13th century in modified versions.
H.30. Christopher Columbus was an explorer, colonizer, and navigator, born in the Republic of Genoa, in what is today northwestern Italy.
H.31. Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.
H.32. Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance astronomer and the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.
H.33. Reformation is a term referring to the process by which Protestantism emerged and gained supporters. It lead to a Counter Reformation by Catholicism, resulting in a great deal of fighting, most notably the 30 Years War, a conflict fought mainly in the Germanic States involving virtually all countries in Europe, fought over religious preeminence.
H.34. The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration and the Great Navigations, was a period in history starting in the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century during which Europeans engaged in intensive exploration of the world, establishing direct contact with Africa, the Americas, Asia and Oceania and mapping the planet.
H.35. Age of Enlightenment was the period during which superstitions were rejected in favor of science and logic, typically thought of as the dawn of modern science
H.36.The Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire.
H.37. The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which Thirteen Colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, resulting in the United States of America.
H.38. In the pre-modern era, many people’s sense of self and purpose was often expressed via a faith in some form of deity, be that in a single God or in many gods. In contrast to the pre-modern era, Western civilization made a gradual transition to modernity when scientific methods were developed which led many to believe that the use of science would lead to all knowledge, thus throwing back the shroud of myth under which pre-modern peoples lived.
H.39. The term “modern” was coined shortly before 1585 to describe the beginning of a new era. The European Renaissance(about 1420-1630) is an important transition period beginning between the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times, which started in Italy.
H.40. The modern period has been a period of significant development in the fields of science, politics, warfare, and technology. It has also been an age of discovery and globalization. During this time, the European powers and later their colonies began a political, economic, and cultural colonization of the rest of the world.
H.41. Important events in the early modern period include: the invention of the printing press, the English Civil War, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution.
H.42. Particular facets of the late modernity period include: Increasing role of science and technology, mass literacy and proliferation of mass media, spread of social movements, Institution of representative democracy, Individualism, Industrialization, and Urbanization.
H.43.The American shift to liberal republicanism, and the gradually increasing democracy, caused an upheaval of traditional social hierarchy and gave birth to the ethic that has formed a core of political values in the United States.
H.44. Our most recent era. Modern Times begins with the end of these revolutions in the 19th century and includes the World Wars (World War I and World War II) and the emergence of socialist countries that led to the Cold War.
H.45. The contemporary era follows shortly afterward with the explosion of research and increase of knowledge known as the Information Age in the latter 20th and the early 21st century.